{"id":651,"date":"2021-07-02T16:42:52","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T20:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/redfi.udec.cl\/?p=651"},"modified":"2021-07-02T16:42:52","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T20:42:52","slug":"los-planes-de-descontaminacion-ambiental-llegaron-para-quedarse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/redfi.udec.cl\/?p=651","title":{"rendered":"Los planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n ambiental llegaron para quedarse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.2&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; 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header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>En pocos d\u00edas comienza el invierno; sin embargo, las bajas temperaturas y el fr\u00edo ya se han hecho sentir oblig\u00e1ndonos a calefaccionar \u00a0nuestros hogares, que es donde m\u00e1s permanecemos estando en pandemia, siendo la calefacci\u00f3n a le\u00f1a la m\u00e1s com\u00fan y, al mismo tiempo, la m\u00e1s contaminante.<\/p>\n<p>La calidad del aire es una de las prioridades en materia de gesti\u00f3n ambiental en Chile, actualmente el 75% de las energ\u00eda en los hogares provienen de fuentes contaminantes, exponiendo a la poblaci\u00f3n a niveles de contaminaci\u00f3n superiores a los est\u00e1ndares establecidos. Es la Red de monitoreo de calidad del aire del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente la encargada de medir el material particulado en sus fracciones gruesa: MP<sub>10<\/sub>\u00a0y fina MP<sub>2,5<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>Al respecto el ingeniero civil industrial y docente de la Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda UdeC, Jorge Jim\u00e9nez,<br \/>comenta que la calidad del aire, en el caso de la zona centro sur del pa\u00eds, est\u00e1 asociada m\u00e1s bien al tema de la calefacci\u00f3n con le\u00f1a, \u00edndices que son tan positivos, \u201c<strong>ha estado mal, ya que la gran mayor\u00eda de las personas pasa m\u00e1s tiempo\u00a0 en los hogares \u00a0por el aislamiento social y el teletrabajo, se ha notado un efecto de mayor cantidad de humo, en las tardes sobre todo en las ciudades interiores<\/strong>\u201d, comenta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 implica una alerta ambiental?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tiene que ver con condiciones meteorol\u00f3gicas propicias para acumular la contaminaci\u00f3n cerca del suelo. De alguna forma lo que se trata de hacer a trav\u00e9s de la gesti\u00f3n de los episodios por ejemplo que no se use le\u00f1a, ya que estos problemas que est\u00e1n asociados al consumo de este combustible. Si bien es cierto, los planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n actuando, el recambio de tecnolog\u00eda y el recambio de combustible es lento, entonces en los siguientes a\u00f1os tendremos episodios cr\u00edticos o una mala de calidad del aire, porque se necesita un nivel de recambio importante para reci\u00e9n establecer los valores a una condici\u00f3n de cumplimiento de normas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00bfD\u00f3nde se ve m\u00e1s afectada la calidad del aire?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Esto es algo que est\u00e1 ocurriendo incluso en las ciudades que est\u00e1n con planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n, es mucho m\u00e1s marcado incluso en las ciudades de m\u00e1s del sur, por ejemplo, Osorno, incluso en la Regi\u00f3n del Biob\u00edo donde tuvimos la primera alerta ambiental.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora el que est\u00e9n actuando estos planes de invierno no significa que las ciudades que no tengan planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n o no cuenten con sistemas de alertas tengan buena calidad del aire. Lo preocupante es que las ciudades que ya tienen un plan son las que est\u00e1n generando estos boletines, pero normalmente cuando uno espera que ocurra malos episodios de calidad del aire, por ejemplo, en Chill\u00e1n es de esperar que todas las ciudades o pueblos cercanos tengan las mismas malas condiciones de ventilaci\u00f3n. Santiago tiene un perfil un poco distinto a las fuentes que aportan contaminaci\u00f3n en relaci\u00f3n a las nuestras, de hecho ellos tienen una fuente importante por su parque automotriz y por ende, de alguna forma, deben gestionar la cantidad de veh\u00edculos que se est\u00e1n desplazando, principalmente particulares, entonces la restricci\u00f3n apunta a evitar que salga tanto veh\u00edculo, incluso restringieron autos m\u00e1s antiguos que aunque sean con sello verde.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se establecen estas alertas?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>El Ministerio del Medio Ambiente utiliza, a nivel central, modelos predictivos para poder generar episodios de gesti\u00f3n de calidad del aire, de hecho es uno de los requisitos para generar estas alertas.\u00a0 Como Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n implementamos modelos predictivos en el marco del proyecto Respira Biob\u00edo, con el apoyo de fondos Corfo, que abarca la Regi\u00f3n del Biob\u00edo, Chill\u00e1n y Los \u00c1ngeles.<\/p>\n<p>Lo que nos jug\u00f3 en contra fue el tema del coronavirus, porque de hecho nuestro proyecto se basaba en hacer alertas tempranas de aumento de frecuencia de consultas en los sistemas de salud. Esta plataforma por un lado permit\u00eda predecir los factores que gatillaban este tipo de condici\u00f3n y generaba un bolet\u00edn de alerta para saber si tendr\u00e1s una mayor demanda en el sistema de atenci\u00f3n de urgencia. Sin embargo, tanto el a\u00f1o pasado como este han sido muy distinto el comportamiento, por el confinamiento todo ha estado a los esfuerzos Covid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00bfDesde la comunidad, c\u00f3mo podemos aportar al mejorar las condiciones del aire?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lo cierto es que estos planes vienen para quedarse, eso no es una cosa que depende de un gobierno, de unos a\u00f1os, sino que son metas que son a 10 o 15 a\u00f1os, por lo tanto cuando ya comienzan a avisar que existe restricci\u00f3n al uso de le\u00f1a, probablemente uno tiene que pensar en buscar alternativas para calefaccionarse sin necesidad de ocupar tanta le\u00f1a o dejar de ocuparla definitivamente.<\/p>\n<p>Y antes de comprar un tipo de calefacci\u00f3n, evaluar quiz\u00e1 comprar una \u201cchaqueta\u201d a la casa\u00a0o mejorar la aislaci\u00f3n de las ventanas o los muros. Existen instrumentos que entrega el Estado que se pueden postular a trav\u00e9s de subsidios de reacondicionamiento t\u00e9cnico, que no solo mejoran el tema de la aislaci\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n mejora el tema del ruido, de alguna manera una casa aislada mejora otros factores, tiene otros beneficios.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.2&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;] En pocos d\u00edas comienza el invierno; sin embargo, las bajas temperaturas y el fr\u00edo ya se han hecho sentir oblig\u00e1ndonos a calefaccionar \u00a0nuestros hogares, que es donde m\u00e1s permanecemos estando en pandemia, siendo la calefacci\u00f3n a le\u00f1a la m\u00e1s com\u00fan y, [...]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/redfi.udec.cl\/?p=651\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Red FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-02T20:42:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/redfi.udec.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Foto-1-nota-Los-planes-de-descontaminacion-ambiental-Jorge-Jimenez.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"674\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"674\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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